ABSTRACT
The incisive canal and its contents are often subject to intervention in maxillofacial surgery, otorhinolaryngology, and various areas of dentistry. The purpose of this paper is to study the variability of the dimensional and topographic characteristics of the incisive and nasal foramina of the incisive canal depending on the gender, shape, and parameters of the craniofacial complex in the first adult age. The authors have studied the parameters of the craniofacial complex, such as the morphological facial height, the upper morphological facial height, and the morphological facial breadth. They also have determined the Garson facial index and the upper face index. Cone-beam computerized tomography has been used in order to determine the number of foramina of Stensen and incisive foramina, their mesiodistal and vestibulo-lingual diameters, the shape of the incisive foramen; the distance from the incisive foramen to the labial inferior and palatal inferior points of the alveolar process; the distance from the incisive foramen to the central incisors, lateral incisors, canines of the maxilla; the bone density around the incisive canal; the length, shape, and type of incisive canal. Quantitative data were processed by variational statistical methods using the Statistica software package for Windows v 10.0. The significance of differences between groups was assessed using the Kolmogorov- Smirnov criterion at a significance level of p<0.05. It has been discovered that the incisive canal, the nasal and incisive foramina had a pronounced individual variability in size, shape, and topography depending on the gender, shape, the Garson facial index and upper face index, as well as the presence of correlations between the diameters and the number of nasal and incisive foramina. The authors have determined the values of bone tissue density in the area of the nasal and incisive foramina.